To download article.DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.470-486
Assessment of Lighting Uniformity as a Factor of Energy Efficiency in Greenhouse Horticulture
Sergey A. Rakutko
Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Energy Ecology of Light Culture, Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production ‒ Branch of Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM (3 Filtrovskoye Shosse, Saint Petersburg 196625, Russian Federation), D.Sc. (Engr.), Associate Professor, Researcher ID: B-2745-2014, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-4534, Scopus ID: 26040971100, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Elena N. Rakutko
Researcher, Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production ‒ Branch of Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM (3 Filtrovskoye Shosse, Saint Petersburg 196625, Russian Federation), Researcher ID: AAW-6856-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-9639, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Introduction. Greenhouse lighting systems are an integral part of the system for growing plants in cultivation facilities with an artificial microclimate. The uniformity of light distribution over the growing area is important to increase energy efficiency and improve plant quality, among other requirements. The aim of the work is to consider the mathematical apparatus for describing the distribution of light over the surface and to justify the choice of ways to characterize the degree of lighting uniformity.
Materials and Methods. The basic concepts of the subject area such as lighting, lighting body, horizontal lighting curve, luminous intensity curve are considered in terms of theoretical photometry. To assess the energy and ecological friendliness of the greenhouse horticulture, the lighting efficiency factor was used. Various methods for determining the average lighting value are presented. The formulas for the uniformity coefficients are presented. Experimental verification was carried out on a horizontal plane simulating a surface for growing plants. A luminary with a round-symmetric light distribution was used.
Results. It has been found that the lighting values calculated by the proposed method at various points of the illuminated surface correspond to the experimentally obtained values. It has been shown that the coefficient taking into account the pattern of lighting distribution over all points of the surface carries a lot of information about the uniformity. A frequency graph for the lighting distribution value has been constructed and its practical applicability has been substantiated. The relationship between the lighting efficiency and uniformity of the generated lighting has been revealed. With reduced suspension height of the luminary, it is possible to increase significantly the lighting efficiency factor, however, the lighting uniformity deteriorates sharply.
Discussion and Conclusion. There is proposed a method for assessing the energy efficiency by the lighting efficiency factor, which determines the proportion of the useful lighting falling on the surface in the total lighting generated by light sources. It is suggested that this indicator can characterize the ecological quality of photoculture, since it has been established its relationship with the uniformity of the created lighting, the impact of which on photoculture is described in the literature.
Keywords: greenhouse horticulture, lighting installation, lighting uniformity, flux efficiency, energy efficiency, ecology friendliness
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
For citation: Rakutko S.A., Rakutko E.N. Assessment of Lighting Uniformity as a Factor of Energy Efficiency in Greenhouse Horticulture. Inzhenernyye tekhnologii i sistemy = Engineering Technologies and Systems. 2021; 31(3):470-486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.470-486
Contribution of the authors:
S. A. Rakutko – scientific guidance, formulation of the basic research concept and structure of the article, writing the initial version of the article.
E. N. Rakutko – analysis of scientific sources, mathematical modeling, article writing.
All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Received 12.04.2021; approved after reviewing 14.05.2021;
accepted for publication 21.05.2021
REFERENCES
1. Khan M.M., Akram M.T., Janke R., et al. Urban Horticulture for Food Secure Cities through and beyond COVID-19. Sustainability. 2020; 12(22). (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229592
2. Dutta Gupta S.D., Jatothu B. Fundamentals and Applications of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in in Vitro Plant Growth and Morphogenesis. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 2013; 7:211-220. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-013-0277-0
3. Sipos L., Boros I.F., Csambalik L., et al. Horticultural Lighting System Optimalization: A Review. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 273. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109631
4. Rakutko S.A., Avotins A., Gruduls J., Rakutko E.N. Hybride Irradiation as Best Available Practice in Artificial Plant Lighting. In: Proceedings of 19th International Scientific Conference “Engineering for Rural Development” (20-25 May 2020). Jelgava; 2020. Pp. 1076-1081. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.22616/ERDev.2020.19.TF254
5. Rakutko S.A. Energy and Ecological Basis of Best Available Techniques of Plant Lighting. Tekhnologii i tekhnicheskie sredstva mekhanizirovannogo proizvodstva produkcii rastenievodstva i zhivotnovodstva = Technologies and Technical Means for Mechanized Production of Crop and Livestock Products. 2019; (1):44-60. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.24411/0131-5226-2019-10121
6. Xu Y. Seven Dimensions of Light in Regulating Plant Growth. In: ISHS Acta Horticulturae 1134: VIII International Symposium on Light in Horticulture. 2016; 1134:445-452. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1134.56
7. Wu B.-S., Hitti Ya., MacPherson S., et al. Comparison and Perspective of Conventional and LED Lighting for Photobiology and Industry Applications. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2020; 171. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103953
8. Moreno I. Illumination Uniformity Assessment Based on Human Vision. Optics Letters. 2010; 35(23):4030-4032. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.35.004030
9. Ciolkosz D.E., Both A.J., Albright L.D. Selection and Placement of Greenhouse Luminaires for Uniformity. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 2001; 17(6):875-882. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.6842
10. Saito K., Ishigami Y., Goto E. Evaluation of the Light Environment of a Plant Factory with Artificial Light by Using an Optical Simulation. Agronomy. 2020; 10(11). (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111663
11. Xu Y., Wang H., Nsengiyumva W. Analysis of the Uniformity of Light in a Plant Growth Chamber. In: Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Universal Village. 2018. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/UV.2018.8642131
12. Zhu Z., Ying S.S., Hu H.J., et al. Study on Illumination Distribution and Uniformity for LED Plant Light Source Array. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis. 2015; 27:1489-1493. (In Chin.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20144308.0822004
13. Shuai Zh., Shang-Sheng W., Bing-Xu M., et al. High Uniformity LED Panel-Light for Plant Lighting. Chinese Journal of Luminescence. 2018; 39(3):403-413. (In Chin.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20183903.0403
14. Kochetkov N.P., Shirobokova T.A., Gallyamova T.R. Definition Light Didistibution, Provides Un Form Lighting Horizontal Surface. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC. 2013; (8):64-66. Available at: https://clck.ru/Vrmgm (accessed 10.04.2021). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
15. Ferentinos K.P., Albright L.D. Optimal Design of Plant Lighting System by Genetic Algorithms. Intelligence. 2005; 18(4):473-484. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2004.11.005
16. Zhang Y., Kacira M. Comparison of Energy Use Efficiency of Greenhouse and Indoor Plant Factory System. European Journal of Horticultural Science. 2020; 85(5):310-320. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2020/85.5.2
17. Sanyé-Mengual E., Martinez-Blanco J., Finkbeiner M., et al. Urban Horticulture in Retail Parks: Environmental Assessment of the Potential Implementation of Rooftop Greenhouses in European and South American Cities. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 172:3081-3091. (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.103
18. Soroka B.S. Fuel Utilization and Environment Pollution. (Part 1. Energy Ecology of Fuel Utilization and Standardizing of Hazardous Effluents). Energetika. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy i energeticheskikh obedineniy SNG = Energetika. Proceedings of CIS Higher Education Institutions and Power Engineering Associations. 2007; (2):39-52. Available at: https://energy.bntu.by/jour/article/view/646 (accessed 10.04.2021). (In Russ., abstract in Eng.)
19. Briukhanov A.Yu., Subbotin I.A., Timofeev E.V., Erk A.F. Energy and Environment Assessment of Agricultural Application of Power Generating Sources. Inzhenernyye tekhnologii i sistemy = Engineering Technologies and Systems. 2019; 29(3):366-382. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.029.201903.366-382
20. Rakutko S.A., Rakutko E.N. Simulation and Numerical Analysis of Energy-and-Ecological Compatibility of Indoor Plant Lighting. Selskokhozyaystvennye mashiny i tekhnologii = Agricultural Machinery and Technologies. 2019; 13(3):11-17. (In Russ., abstract in Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.22314/20737599-2019-13-3-11-17
21. Nelson J.A., Bugbee B. Economic Analysis of Greenhouse Lighting: Light Emitting Diodes vs. High Intensity Discharge Fixtures. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(6). (In Eng.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099010
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
