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DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.26363.644-661

UDK 631.312.02+631.51:004.9

 

Parameters of the Digital Twin Model of Peas for Modeling Using the Discrete Element Method

 

Imad R. Antypas
Cand.Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Fundamentals of Machine Design, Don State Technical University (1 Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don 344000, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-9529, Researcher ID: O-4789-2018, Scopus ID: 57191988834, SPIN-code: 7371-0223, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

Abstract
Introduction. Subsoilers operating in rocky soils are subjected to high dynamic and shock loads, leading to damage to working bodies, reduced reliability, and decreased productivity. Traditional mechanical protection systems fail to provide an adaptive response to overloads.
Aim of the Study. The article is aimed at designing and evaluating experimentally the effectiveness of an intelligent closed-loop hydraulic system for automatic protection of a subsoiler against shock loads in rocky soils.
Materials and Methods. The article presents a hydraulic schematic and a physical model of the implement. The system comprises a pump, a pilot-operated check valve, a four-way electro-hydraulic directional valve, a pressure sensor, a double-acting cylinder, and a relief valve. Control is implemented via a closed loop with a draft force threshold of 28 kN. Performance was evaluated using C++ simulation, field trials with MATLAB data acquisition, and comparative analysis with a spring safety system.
Results. Simulations and field trials confirmed the control logic functionality. Compared to the spring system, the hydraulic system demonstrated a 10 % weight reduction, a 11 % higher field performance, a 14 % lower hourly fuel consumption, and a 40 % faster response time (from 3.0 to 1.8 s). There was determined a linear correlation between system pressure and draft force validating the component selection. The automatic response reduces mechanical loads on the frame and working body, while smooth valve control minimizes harmful transients.
Conclusion. The developed hydraulic protection system is effective and technically feasible. It provides automatic protection of the subsoiler under overload conditions, reducing mechanical stresses. The mathematical analysis has confirmed the component selection correctness, and closed-loop control enhances reliability. The system has potential for further development with the use of advanced electronic control systems and digital sensors.

Keywords: hydraulic circuit, rocky soil, plow, valve, tillage, reliability (safety), computer simulation

Conflict of interest: The author declare no conflict of interest.

For citation: Antypas I.R. Design and Evaluation of an Intelligent Hydraulic Protection System for Subsoiler Plows in Rocky Soil. Engineering Technologies and Systems. 2026;36(3):644–661. https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.26363.644-661

The author has read and approved the final manuscript.

Submitted 23.01.2026;
revised 13.03.2026;
accepted 16.03.2026

 

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