08. Prosviryakova M.V., Storchevoy V.F., Goryacheva N.G., et al. Ultrahigh- Frequency Hop Dryer with Tiered Resonators

DOI: 10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.114-127

Ultrahigh-Frequency Hop Dryer with Tiered Resonators

Maryana V. Prosviryakova
Dr.Sci. (Engr.), Professor of the I.F. Borodin Chair of Automation and Robotization of Technological Processes, Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University (49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow 127550, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3258-260X, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Vladimir F. Storchevoy
Dr.Sci. (Engr.), Professor, Head of the I.F. Borodin Chair of Automation and Robotization of Technological Processes, Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University (49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow 127550, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-3919, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Natalya G. Goryacheva
Cand.Sci. (Engr.), Associate Professor, Civil Defence Academy of EMERCOM of Russia (1А Sokolovskaya St., 141435 Khimki, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-3922, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Olga V. Mikhaylova
Dr.Sci. (Engr.), Associate Professor, Professor of the Chair of Infocommunication Technologies and Communication Systems, Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economics University (22a Oktyabrskaya St., Knyaginino 606340, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-2003, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Galina V. Novikova
Dr.Sci. (Engr.), Professor, Senior Scientist of Nizhny Novgorod State Engineering and Economics University (22a Oktyabrskaya St., Knyaginino 606340, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-6450, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Alecksandr V. Stotrchevoy
Senior Lecturer of the Chair of Social and Humanitarian Studies, Moscow State University of Food Production (11 Volokolamskoe Shosse, Moscow 125080, Russian Federation), ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-0361, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract
Introduction. From the analysis of hop dryers of different systems and designs follows the prospect of hop drying by complex influence of the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency and convective heat.
Aim of the Article. The article aims at developing a small-sized microwave convective hop dryer with justified parameters for intensive drying technology of freshly harvested hops.
Materials and Methods. Taking into account the justified criteria for the design of a hop dryer and the analysis of existing resonators, there was proposed a methodology for the development of a hop dryer with an energy supply in an electromagnetic field, including requirements for structural design, operational and economic indicators, and technology. The electrodynamic parameters of the resonator were investigated according to the CST Studio 2017 program.
Results. The dielectric parameters of hops are theoretically investigated and functional dependences on humidity at a frequency of 2,450 MHz are obtained. The dynamics of hop heating is investigated when its dielectric loss factor changes during the action of an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field. There has been developed a design and technological scheme of a radio-hermetic microwave convective hop dryer of continuous flow action with tiered resonators for low-power agricultural enterprises. Resonators are arranged in tiers in the screening cylindrical housing: the first and third resonators are hemispherical, and the middle one is made in the form of an ellipsoid to ensure a high electric field strength. The transportation of raw materials takes place by rotating the discs in a gentle mode.
Discussion and Conclusion. The expected specific energy costs of a hop dryer with a capacity of 12–13 kg/h at the microwave generator power of 4.0 kW for drying freshly harvested hops with a humidity of 76–82% to a humidity of 11–14% are 0.30–0.33 kWh/kg. The required electric field voltage of 2 kV/cm in all three resonators is provided, therefore, disinfection of raw materials occurs at a temperature of 65–70°C for 5–6 minutes of stay in three resonators. The intensity of moisture release from hop cones during endogenous convective heating increases 5–6 times compared to the convective drying method. The introduction of microwave drying technology using a convective method of evaporation and removal of moisture from the drying chamber reduces the duration of the process, saves valuable components of cones for brewing.

Keywords: hop dryer, microwave convective method, air-cooled magnetrons, ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field, freshly harvested hops, dielectric parameters

Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

For citation: Prosviryakova M.V., Storchevoy V.F., Goryacheva N.G., et al. Ultrahigh- Frequency Hop Dryer with Tiered Resonators. Engineering Technologies and Systems. 2023;33(1):114‒127. doi: https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.033.202301.114-127

Authors contribution:
M. V. Prosviryakova – general project management, analysis of existing hop dryers, study of electrophysical parameters of raw materials, construction of graphic dependencies.
V. F. Storchevoy – innovative idea of tier arrangement of resonators in a small-sized hop dryer for farms, the results of justification of the dynamics of endogenous heating of hop cones at different electric field strengths in the process of changing the dielectric loss factor of raw materials.
N. G. Goryacheva − work on the text of the article, determining the effective modes of hop drying in each resonator.
O. V. Mikhaylova – construction of 3D model of hop dryer, study of electrodynamic parameters in the program CST Microwave Studio, SolidWorks.
G. V. Novikova − formulation of the goal, objectives of the research, justification of the hop dryer design with the registration of an application for an invention.
A. V. Stotrchevoy − collection and processing of materials.

All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Submitted 26.09.2022; revised 03.11.2022;
accepted 28.12.2022

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